Micro-mechanical Analysis of Strain Rate Effect on Static Liquefaction of Sand in Undrained Triaxial Test Employing 3D DEM

Indian Geotechnical Conference 2023

Mousumi Mukherjee, Madhu Sudan, & Adil Nazir

2023-12-16

Static liquefaction is a phenomenon predominantly associated with the saturated loose sand subjected to undrained condition due to rapid loading. In such case, the shear strength of the sand decreases significantly owing to increase in the pore-water pressure and subsequent reduction in the mean effective stress level. For investigating the mechanism behind the static liquefaction, micro-level analysis can be very useful, which enables to capture valuable insights from the particle level interaction. Hence, particle based numerical methods like discrete element method (DEM) is often used to examine the grain scale attributes. Exist-ing DEM based studies on the undrained behaviour of sand reveals limited insight regarding the strain rate effects on static liquefaction phenomena. In the present study, constant volume 3D DEM simulation of undrained triaxial test has been performed on the loose sand specimen at various strain rates. The effect of in-creasing strain rate on the macro-level response, such as stress-strain, pore-water pressure and inertial number has been analyzed here. Further, the macro-level response has been examined in light of the micro-level attributes, such as force chains, coordination number and redundancy index. With increasing strain rate, significant reduction in the generation of pore-water pressure has been observed due to the suppressed particle rearrangement. As a result, an increase can be no-ticed in the peak deviatoric stress, wherein the complete liquefaction of the spec-imen occurs at higher strain levels. Significant reductions in the coordination number and redundancy index have also been noticed within the specimen at the complete liquefaction state attributed to large particle rolling and sliding.